Dramatic features The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Dramatic features The Crucible Essay The Crucible is always played exactly in its historical context with Puritan clothes and sets, it is rarely updated. What dramatic features does Miller employ to ensure the play maintains its relevance for a 21st century audience? In this essay I intend to discuss how Arthur Miller ensures that his play, which is set in Salem, Massachusetts, in the late 17th century, is still appealing and pertinent to a 21st century audience. Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953, during the zenith of the McCarthy affairs in America. In 1692, the hysteria was owing to the alleged infiltration of witches under the command of Satan, while Joseph McCarthy was concerned with the supposed infiltration of Communists into American society. In both cases there were many innocent people accused and arrested, and panic bit into both communities. The play is relevant nowadays for many reasons: because it links with the situation in Afghanistan, it is exciting to watch because of the high tension and quite fast pace throughout, it incorporates dramatic irony to make the audience part of the action, and because it can appeal to so many different types of people. The reason why the whole Salem tragedy came about was because of an ancient paradox: a paradox still thriving and very relevant today. The paradox was the balance between individual freedom and prohibitive rules. The people of Salem had a religious theocracy, which was designed to keep the community together and to prevent any disunity in the neighbourhood. In this respect, the theocracy worked well. However, all governing systems must have rules of prohibition, or they simply will not work. Evidently, in Salem, the time had come when the repressions of order became too harsh in comparison to the dangers against which the order was set. The witch-hunt was a sign of the disarray when the balance began to swivel towards more individual freedom. An example of this paradox in modern society is the war in Afghanistan. Afghanistan was ruled by a religious theocracy, under the command of the Taliban. In order for the theocracy to be effective, the Taliban imposed prohibitive rules, such as the rule that all men must wear beards. Perhaps it was excessive individual freedom that led to the September 11th tragedy. Clearly, The Crucible is a parable for many events like the Afghanistan situation with the Taliban. Just imagine the reaction of the Taliban if a child had started playing at being an American, like in The Crucible children play at being witches. The anger and fear generated would have been just the same, despite being separated by over three hundred years. Even though times have changed since 1692, human nature is still identical, and tragic events like these will continue to happen because of our nature. It is futile writing a play that has a very relevant message to give to its audience, if the audience doesnt stay until the end of the play. By using a structure that builds the tension progressively through the play, Miller ensures that his audience are kept firmly on the edges of their seats. He uses a climactic curtain at the end of each act, to entice the audience back to their seats after the interval. An example of this is the cliff-hanger at the end of the first act, when the girls are hysterically accusing other women of being with the Devil.

Virginia Woolfs A Room of Ones Own Essay -- Virginia Woolf Room One

Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own Missing works cited In A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf ponders the plight of women throughout history. Woolf 'reads the lives of women and concludes that if a woman were to have written she would have had to overcome enormous circumstances' (Woolf xi). Woolf's initial thesis is that 'a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction' (Woolf 4). Throughout the book, however, she develops other important conditions for artistic creation. Woolf mentions many nineteenth century female writers in order to explain these conditions, but she does not mention Mary Shelley. Woolf most likely excludes the author of Frankenstein because her writing contains considerable male influence. The circumstances of Shelley's life, however, meet Virginia Woolf's basic requirements for the production of good fiction. Mary Shelley possesses a well-rounded education, encouragement, and an 'androgynous and incandescent' mind (Woolf 98). In A Room of One?s Own, Virginia Woolf suggests women produce so little literature because of the tremendous discouragement and criticism that female writers face. She discusses the effects of opposition and disapproval upon the artistic mind. The opinions of others greatly affect artists, and it is those of genius who are most sensitive to criticism. Woolf proposes that it was literally impossible for a talented woman to write well during the sixteenth century: ?A highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift would have been so thwarted and hindered by other people, so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty? (Woolf 49). To further illustrate her poin... ...tial thesis is that ?a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction? (Woolf 4). Throughout the book, however, she develops other important conditions for artistic creation such as a wellrounded education, encouragement, and an ?incandescent and androgynous? mind (Woolf 98). Although Virginia Woolf does not mention Mary Shelley in A Room of One?s Own, probably because of the strong male influence in Shelley?s writing, the circumstances of her life meet Woolf?s basic criteria for the production of good fiction. Mary Shelley?s excellent literary education, stimulating life experiences, encouragement from family, and lack of anger, bitterness, and fear in her writing grant her the status of one of the most famous female writers of the nineteenth century. Works Cited: Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One's Own. New York: Harcourt, 1989.

Characteristics of a Leader

‘Leaders should lead by example’ so the saying goes. There are certain characteristic found in some people. It is just that, they put them in a position where people looked up to as a leader. People often say ‘ He or she is a born leader’. Whether in fact a person is born a leader or develop skills and abilities to become a good leader is open for debate. There are some clear characteristics that are found in good leaders. These qualities can be developed and naturally is the part of their personality. Firstly, a good leader must have a positive attitude.This quality is a required not just for a leader but everybody. However, this is specially necessary for a leader. A leader needs to be positive and motivate his team, in times that are hard and times that are brutal. When times are tough and his team is absolutely down, when times are really frustrating, a leader is the who carries his team and his organization forward and that is what a leader needs to do look at the bright side of each and everything. Besides a good leader must be a good listener. This is because a good leader needs to listen to her followers.She needs to get feedback on a regular basis, open her eyes and ears and keep listening. Now a word of caution. Listening does not mean to blindly follow and accept everything that is said and shown. What goes hand in hand is listening. This also helps her followers to express theirs feeling or even to speak their rights. The quality which a leader should possess is intelligence and alertness. A leader has to use his brain every time and also has to remain  Ã‚   alert with   eyes and ears open otherwise he could easily be carried by any fraud or enemy.Many a times we see such situations around us, where a person in trouble or problem doesn’t hesitate in blaming and embarrassing even his closest friend to save himself, and also does not bother about his friends at all because the person has to get rid of his problems anyhow. So, he just thinks about himself and his life,   the life of other does not matter to him much. Some people have a misconception that only those people who are physically strong can become good leaders, but this is not the fact.A leader may not be physically strong but he needs to be mentally strong and firm in decisions. For example, Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was the greatest leader but he was active and had a firm desire to serve the Nation. He had the power of organizing and uniting people and attracting people towards him by his speeches. This is the best quality of a leader which he had in him. We can also say that, a person who can satisfy the basic psychological needs of his followers can also be an effective leader. A leader must have average character .There are no perfect people, but for a leader to be considered good, they must have a character that is unquestioned within the organization. Leadership always draws criticism from someone, so a leade r may not be able to get everyone to believe in him or her, but the people who know the leader best should trust the leader’s character. In a nutshell, a good leader must be faithful to his group members and activities. This in turn, will result in an atmosphere of assurance among the followers. Having faith in self abilities and the world around him , the leader gains inspiration and also inspires others in the process.

Critique of a Qualitative Ethnographic Study of New Nurses Working in the Hospital - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2908 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? Qualitative research is essential to nursing evidence- based practice as in a quantitative study. Qualitative studies focus more on the interpretation of the individual as related to the research analysis than on the experimental statistics data of the problem identified (Creswell, J. W. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critique of a Qualitative Ethnographic Study of New Nurses Working in the Hospital" essay for you Create order Creswell, J. D., 2018). The nursing field must utilize the qualitative research study as well as quantitative studies in helping to improve nursing care, patient outcomes, and seek further knowledge to change nursing habits for improved results. This qualitative critique offers a systematized analysis of the research article titled Entry into Nursing: An Ethnographic Study of Newly Qualified Nurses Taking on the Nursing Role in a Hospital Setting (Bjerknes Bjerk, 2012). Critique of Writing Style, Title, and Abstract The writing style of the article was plainly written and use of verbiage and grammatical mistakes is not detected. The article is also arranged appropriately and well organized in the dispersal of material. The researchers of the article meet degree qualifications in this field of research. According to Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls, Ormston (2013), a qualitative study that focuses on the theory of Ethnography should produce a title that shows the study conducted of immersion into a culture or community. The title chosen by the Bjerknes Bjrk (2012) follows the above stated criteria of new nurses in the hospital setting. The title is made clear of what the researchers wanted to investigate while also maintaining precise and definite information about the study being conducted. The abstract was not titled as such; thus, leading readers toward the possibility of overlooking the paragraph and thinking it is information about the authors and location of the study. However, it does provide the offer a strong summary of the research, including the research question, trial sample size, methodology, results, and suggestions of future improvements to the problem at hand. The abstract goes into clear detail when discussing the sample group size of thirteen new nurses, the methods used to conduct the study, and the results the author found with the study. For the reader, this clear clarification of the study helps to recognize what researchers are presenting. A limitation found in the abstract was there were no keywords for the reader to identify with which could lead to inaccurate searches in the future for similar studies. Critique of Statement of the Phenomenon of Interest and Purpose of the Study Qualitative studies differ from quantitative studies when addressing the problem in a research study. Qualitative studies problem, or termed phenomena, is more individualized and subjective to the reader (Creswell, J. W. Creswell, J. D., 2018). In the article by Bjerknes Bjrk (2012), the phenomena of interest are stated in two separate locations. First, when discussing in the introduction about the new graduate nurse starting the role of nursing, the researchers state that the challenges of starting in this new nursing role for student role is what stimulated the researchers to perform the study. This phenomenon is then addressed again in the background of the study as the research question by asking a focused question about the new nurse experience in starting anew role. By stating the phenomena twice, the researchers enforce the importance of the study and the result outcomes for future improvement of incorporating new nurses into the hospital setting; making this method a s trength of the study. The research question and phenomenon of interest are clearly linked and work well for researchers. Critique of Literature Review and Theoretical Framework The literature review performed by the researchers was connected to the philosophical underpinnings of the article by showing that other researchers have found commonalities as well as differences with the research undertaken for this article. The review of literature did fulfill the aims of the researchers. A strength of the literature review of the article was that the researchers were able to use articles to support the claim of new nurses needing more support and mentoring than they are receiving in the hospital setting. Another strength seen was that the researchers were also able to find articles that contradicted the experience perceived by the new nurses of this study. This literature review helps to show the unbiased nature of the article and improve validity. A weakness seen by the reader is that some of the literature reviewed and cited was more than ten years old and in the nursing field changes are always occurring. These changes lead to older information being ina ccurate or out-of-date for nursing research and research studies. Twenty-three of the referenced literature reviews were more than ten years old. This is out of the forty-two references listed. This makes for some question of reliability of the literature review and why the researchers chose articles more than ten years in the past. The theoretical framework used for this study was the ethnography approach. The intention of the ethnography approach is to recognize the social realm of the individuals being analyzed through absorption in their population to yield comprehensive images of their culture and views (Ritchie et al., 2013). The researchers adequately described this framework by discussing the method of observation in the research process of the study. This framework was also appropriate for this study because of the qualitative nature of the study and the interpretive aspect of the study. Critique of Methodology and Philosophical Underpinnings Bjerknes Bjrk (2012), did not clearly state to this reader the philosophical underpinnings, or foundation, of the study, and it had to be read a few times to gather the information needed to discuss the foundation. The philosophical approach of the study is working closely with the individual nurses to identify problems related to starting in the nursing role. I found it very difficult to understand the philosophical underpinnings addressed, and so I do not believe the authors approach was successful. The philosophical approach chosen, after much research on the article, was appropriate for this study because it is a more one-on-one approach to understanding the complications and advantages of being a new nurse. The research was conducted by a single individual who was also the primary author of the study. This be a strength because the author did not work in the facility being study, and she could gather all the information needed and kept in one place until time for review an d results identification. This can also be a limitation because the author/researcher is an experienced nurse who could have a bias toward asking certain questions to receive an answer. Both strengths and weaknesses were addressed be the researchers in the article. Sample The sample method of meetings held on both units of the hospital being observed, and written information given out to new nurses on the floor was identified in the article. The sample size of thirteen participants was also included. The sample size is a strength here because the researcher designated to this study can spend more feasible time with each individual and not get overwhelmed with the research of the study. The researchers of the article state that the study was completed out of convenience; however, the authors also state the importance of using the convenience sample method in this study. The sampling convenience method was appropriate for this study because the researchers needed to have the criteria of the sample met. This criterion was stated as a new nurse for three months when the study was started (Bjerknes Bjrk (2012). The participants were suitable for the study because of the three month experience requirement and the new graduate nurse requirement. The demographics of the individuals was given. There were limitations in the demographics of this study because the study contained females only with a mean age of 25 (Bjerknes Bjrk, 2012). This is a limitation because older individuals who are new graduate nurses and male new graduate nurses could provide a distinct perspective for researchers. Ethical Considerations Ethical considerations are of extreme importance in a qualitative study because these considerations relate to the individual and how they are feeling throughout the study. The researchers did an excellent job of informing the contributors about the disposition of the research and getting informed consent. Another strength to the study was that individuals were made aware that they could quit working with the study at any time of their choosing if they did not feel comfortable any longer. Autonomy and confidentiality were guaranteed to the individuals and maintained by having an outside researcher with no affiliation to the hospital to conduct the study. This outside researcher also helps keep the individual identities and individuals from harm. Ethical permission was given by the hospital ethics committee prior to the study. Data Collection/Data Analysis Researchers conducted observations, interviews, reflection notes from the individuals who participated in the study, and observational notes post-observation were used in the data collection. These strategies were used to analyze the data. The analysis of the data was completed corresponding to data collection. This led to the strength of data recorded or observed not being forgotten or left out of the study. The focal analysis was then completed after a year of study in the field. A limitation to the study was that no method of data analysis was identified. The researchers do point out that they used the philosophies of analyzing copious data on limited informants, but there is not a clear explanation of what this description means (Bjerknes Bjrk, 2012). Outside experts were used in the collection of data and the data analysis portion of the study. This is a strength in keeping with the non-biased nature of research. The participants were consulted to establish validity of the information provided which is a key aspect in qualitative research (Ritchie et al., 2013). This gives strength to the study because it follows the credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of the article (Creswell, J. W. Creswell, J. D., 2018). The data analysis process was started with open-ended questions; these questions became more specific as the data collection progressed (Bjerknes Bjrk, 2012). This is a strength and a weakness of the study. First is a strength because it can help researchers determine what the individual nurse goes through on a daily and shift-by-shift basis. Conversely, it is a weakness because the questions asked could be more geared toward what the researcher deems appropriate leading to a bias in the study. Data saturation was not mentioned, but to the reader it could not be perceived; this is because the participants were chosen on a convenience based form. The researchers in this article did not discuss any quantitativ e matters, so no quantities were needed or provided. Rigor The rigor, or trustworthiness of an article is important in a qualitative study to maintain validity and reliability (Creswell, J. W. Creswell, J.D., 2018). The researchers of the critiqued study did discuss in detail how rigor was assured. The researchers do this by providing a section of trustworthiness of the study where they include credibility, dependability, and confirmability (Bjerknes Bjrk, 2012). These researchers discussed in detail that credibility was achieved by the encouragement of sharing and analyzing others notes, dependability by appropriate claims and references in the article being read, and confirmability by documenting the findings so they can be used and confirmed in other studies (Bjerknes Bjrk, 2012). In this section of the article the researchers gained several strengths by directly stating how the above three rigors were maintained. The authors show transferability to the reader by addressing the issue of new nurse graduate situations on the floor i n a way that the reader can understand and relate to. Goodness was met by the article maintaining a direct approach to the study at hand and the researcher remaining non-biased throughout the study. Some weaknesses to the rigor include only one researcher completing the data, the flow in which the data was collected, and the change in questions as the study developed according to the individual being studied. Critique of Findings and Discussion Bjerknes Bjrk (2012), present the findings of the study in a unique way of a narrative format of what two nurses experienced throughout a four hour period, which was the designated time for the research to observe the individual, on two different units in the hospital. The researchers used these findings as collaborative approach to all thirteen participants. For this study, the researchers presented the findings appropriately, so the reader could gather what the new nurse was feeling on the floor at an exact moment on the unit. This format gives a huge strength to the study because it gives the reader the sense and emotions of the nurse, so they can feel the transferability of the study and relate to the new nurse. A weakness to this presentation is that not all the participants would have experienced the exact same interactions that the two nurses who were discussed experienced. The original purpose of the study has been adequately addressed in the findings and again in the d iscussion of the study showing how new nurses take on the role of a nurse, and the opportunities and limitations given to them (Bjerknes Bjrk, 2012). In the discussion paragraph of the study, the researchers return to literature review and the findings of the study to show the stress and feelings of accomplishment for new nurses. By bringing the literature review back into the discussion, the researchers give more confirmability and goodness to the article. This leads the report to return to what is already known about the phenomenon of new graduate nurses in the nursing role. Critique of Conclusions and Recommendations The researchers identify the importance of the study and implication of the findings in the conclusion paragraph of the paper. Bjerknes Bjrk (2012) present both the enthusiasm of new nurses and the want for care for their patients, and the limitations presented of deficiency of assistance mentorship and time restrictions that nurses experience during the shift. This gives a strength to the study to show the reader that there are opportunities for change and improvement in the nursing role for new nurses. Another strength is the fact that changes and improvements are can be made on a unit by unit basis to help improve experiences. The recommendations for further studies was given at the end of the conclusion, however, it shows a weakness in the study by not offering ways to improve the new nurse experiences on the floor. The recommendations should have offered solutions as well as further studies to improve outcomes. References The references for this study did were all accurately referenced in the study and on the reference page. Although they were cited appropriately, the reader had to keep checking down at the references to understand which refence was being alluded to because the authors used numbers only instead of including names as well. This style was a weakness to the reader because it took away the time to engross in the study to check the reference list. Another weakness in the references were that some references were over ten to twenty years old. In the healthcare population, references should go back no more than five to ten years unless citing a direct theory because the knowledge of the healthcare field is in an ever-changing and growing state. Summary The writing style flowed well, and the title was appropriate for the study. Although the abstract was not clearly identified, it did give all the components necessary for the reader to understand what the study is about and what the findings of the study were. The statement of the phenomenon interest was clearly identified, and the purpose of the study followed the phenomena well. The literature review was well placed in the beginning and end of the article to provide the reader with an understanding of the importance of the study. Although the literature review was well laid out, some references were old and could be a weakness in the study. The theoretical framework was clearly identified as ethnography and was followed well throughout the remainder of the study. The philosophical underpinnings were hard to distinguish and left the reader having to read the article multiple times to understand what the methodology was following. This led to huge gaps in the readers perspecti ve of the importance of the study. The sample size and ethical considerations were visibly acknowledged by the authors and explained as to the importance of the study. The data collection and analysis were explained; however, the weaknesses of the study were most evident in this area. The limitation of possible bias was shown to possibly occur, and the participants critiques of other nurses could lead to further bias by knowledge of the other nurse. The rigor of the article was stated plainly in a dedicated paragraph, so the reader could understand the trustworthiness of the article. Although transferability was not stated in this paragraph, three of the other assets of rigor were stated, giving the article a strong rigor quality. The findings were presented in a unique way that did give pure description of the new nurse transition into the nursing role. The article provided abundant information from other articles and the findings of this article. Even though some of the re ferences were older than ten to twenty years, they were helpful and supported the article well. This is a respected aspect of all research articles. Generally, the study can be suggested as a significant reading for new nurses entering the nursing role, as well as older nurses mentoring new nurses on the floor.

German Television in North America

German Fernsehen in the U.S. - a Brief History NEW! The German Kino Plus movie channel is now a part of the DISH German Package! Before we look at the current German-language TV programming via Dish Network, lets review its somewhat turbulent history... The history of German television in the U.S. has been a bumpy road. In the good ol days you needed to be living east of the Mississippi and have a huge satellite TV dish in order to receive any German-language TV in the U.S. at all. But then came the digital satellite TV revolution, and I wrote about the debut of privately-owned ChannelD (D for Deutschland) in September 2001. Not long after that the German public television networks ARD, ZDF, and Deutsche Welle began beaming their GERMAN TV service to viewers in North and South America, also via satellite. Their slogan: Watch what Germany watches! (Sehen, was Deutschland sieht!) Each sat TV service charged a modest monthly subscription fee and required the purchase or rental of a dish and digital receiver. Although the two German television broadcasters used two different satellites and two different digital TV systems, it was an embarassment of riches for German-hungry TV viewers in America. But it wasnt long before dark shadows began to loom over the German TV landscape in the U.S. About a year after its debut Bremen-based ChannelD went bankrupt and closed down in late 2002. GERMAN TV was more successful, but it was also having trouble getting enough subscribers, and its efforts to get onto major cable TV systems across the U.S. were spotty at best. But GERMAN TVs programming was pretty good. Even if we really couldnt watch anything close to what Germany was really watching, we did get the genuine nightly news from ARD and ZDF, plus some popular German TV series, some movies, and other entertainment programming. Then, in early 2005, came an important breakthrough. GERMAN TV moved to the Dish Network. Now average people who didnt want a separate dish and receiver just for German could simply add GERMAN TV to their Dish subscription. True, you needed a larger SuperDish antenna, but compared to the pre-Dish situation, it was a major improvement. And it got even better when the German private TV broadcaster ProSiebenSat.1 Welt was added to Dishs German package in February 2005. For about $20 a month you could get both German channels. (Recently, Dish added a third German channel: EuroNews. The current package fee is $16.99/month or $186.89 annually. Separately: $14.99 for ProSieben, $9.99 for DW-TV. Prices subject to change.) But all good things must come to an end. On December 31, 2005 came the Garaus (end) for GERMAN TV. The German government was no longer willing to subsidize the ARD/ZDF/DW service. At the start of 2006 GERMAN TV was replaced with the much more modest offerings of DW-TV. The Deutsche Welle TV service broadcasts mostly news and cultural programming on the old GERMAN TV channel, alternating each hour between German and English. (More below.) The current situation can be summed up this way: DW-TV provides mostly news, and is also good for people in your home who do not understand German. There is some soccer, but mostly highlights and summaries. The new ARD/ZDF talk shows (as of May 2007) are a great improvement. ProSiebenSat.1 Welt is primarily entertainment and sports. It offers movies in German, detective series, comedy, quiz shows, etc. The news (from N24) is limited. Soccer fans will also enjoy Pro7. The new EuroNews channel is what the name says: European news in several languages, including German. (But read about the EuroNews catch on the next page.) A SuperDish antenna (an oval dish larger than the standard round dish) is required for reception of the German and other foreign-language channels. On the next page youll find a more detailed overview of the three channels in the Dish Network German Package. NEXT Programming Comparisons Programming Comparisons DW-TVThe former GERMAN TV channel on Dish Network is now the DW-TV channel. Although Deutsche Welle broadcasts worldwide in many languages (radio and TV), the version in the USA is in German and English only. Unlike GERMAN TV, which had all its programming in German, DW-TV alternates between English and German. For one hour the news and other broadcasts are in German. In the next hour the programming is in English, and so on. DW-TV focuses primarily on news, weather, and cultural information. The news broadcast Journal provides the news sports, and weather from Berlin, alternately in German and English. The news (worldwide and from Germany/Europe) is primarily aimed at viewers outside of Germany, unlike the nightly news from ARD or ZDF. Non-news shows pop up occasionally, including euromaxx (fashion, art, cinema, music, other trends), Pop Export (music made in Germany), and a few others. Earlier DW-TV hinted at possibly providing some ARD or ZDF (German public TV networks) entertainm ent programs in the future, and in May 2007 they did indeed add several German talk shows from ARD and ZDF. WEB DW-TV - USA ProSiebenSat.1 Welt (Pro7)Pro7 began broadcasting its U.S. programming in February 2005. The German commercial television network ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG was part of the Kirch Media empire until Leo Kirch went bankrupt in 2002. The network was put up for sale, but as of early 2006, the final fate of Pro7 and all its divisions was still up in the air. For American viewers the ProSiebenSat.1 Welt channel is part of Dish Networks German package. Its programming is a mix of shows from Germanys Pro7, kabel eins, N24, and Sat.1 channels. Although it can be purchased separately, the Pro7 channel makes a good complement to news-oriented DW-TV by offering viewers more entertainment and sports. All-German Pro7 has a schedule that includes talk shows, detective series, comedy shows, movies, soap operas, and quiz shows. Pro7 also features some documentary/exposà © reporting and N24 news, but its emphasis is on entertainment programing that can range from inane low-brow to quality high-brow leve ls. Although it would be interesting for American viewers, the German versions of The Simpsons, Will Grace or Desperate Housewives seen in Germany are not available on the U.S. Pro7 channel. ProSieben has plans to also be available in Canada. WEB ProSiebenSat.1 Welt NEW! As of May 2007 the German Kino Plus movie channel is now a part of the DISH German Package! More... EuroNewsIn December 2006 Dish Network added the EuroNews network to its German channel line-up. EuroNews in German is now available as part of the German package (and some other language packages). However, there is a catch to getting this new channel. Although I have a SuperDish and currently receive the German-language package, a Dish representative told me that I would need a new satellite dish in order to receive the EuroNews channel, even though it is part of the package I already have! Because the EuroNews channels come from a different satellite, I would have to pay $99.00 to install a new dish in order to receive EuroNews in German. This is not at all clear from their Web site, and I think its ridiculous for Dish to supposedly add a channel to my package that I cant get without shelling out almost a hundred dollars. If youre lucky enough to live in the right spot with a dish pointed to the right satellite, you may be able to get EuroNews in German without major extra cost. WEB EuroNewsWEB Dish Network German Package

Cure for Blindness - Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay

Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man was a crucial literary tool in raising awareness of and forwarding the equal rights movement for African Americans when it reached readers of all races in the 1950s. The Cultural Contexts for Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man claims that the novel envisions nothing less than undoing African Americans cultural dispossession. Ellisons words are indeed an eloquent unraveling of social stereotypes and racisms. He employs allegorical conceptions of blindness and invisibility to dissect culturally ingrained prejudices and ignorance towards African Americans. Ellison also uses IMs settings and characters to reflect America and its stereotypes in order to achieve this goal. Throughout the novel there are†¦show more content†¦The white men attending the fight are also in a sense blinded by their perceptions of black people. The boys in the ring are reduced to bloodthirsty animals fighting for survival. This horrific, yet powerful depiction begs the reader to acknowledge such blinding prejudices that remain prevalent in American society. Later in the book, the narrator begins to remove this symbolic blindfold. As Ellison is calling for his audience to see clearly, the narrator addresses the dilemma at a Brotherhood rally: They think were blind--un-commonly blind. And I dont wonder. Think about it, theyve dispossessed us each of one eye from the day were born. So now we can only see in straight white lines. Were a nation of one-eyed mice-- Did you ever see such a sight in your life? Such an un-common sight! (Ellison, pp. 343) His speech attempts to enlighten those in attendance as well as the reader to the dispossession of black Americans. The complexity of this issue arises when the narrator finds himself blinded by the spotlight and ironically unable to clearly see his listeners. Without possessing sight of his own it would be impossible to lead others out of the darkness. Ellison seeks unity, however the truths of oppression must first be willingly seen and understood by all. The dispossession of one good eye is also further exemplified in the character of Brother Jack, who as a leader of the Brotherhood represents them

Accounting Standard Conceptual Framework

Question: Discuss about the case study Accounting Standard for Conceptual Framework. Answer: Introduction Conceptual framework is used by Australian Accounting Standard Board to develop and evaluate accounting standard. Australian accounting standards are applicable to all the entities that are required to prepare financial reports under Corporations Act 2001. Many Australian accounting standard requirements are specific in nature that is they are applicable only to few specific Australian entities. Such requirement may require additional disclosure or may require reporting on regulatoryor other issues. Many entities in Australia are required to follow Australian accounting standard in preparing their financial statement as per Corporation Act 2001. Compliance with the conceptual framework and AASB standards in financial reporting AGL Energy Limited Conceptual framework deals with essential financial reporting issues like objective of financial statement, the users of the financial statement, the things that enhance the use of the financial statements. It also set out the rules and concept to recognize and measure these basics in the financial reporting. (AGL, 2015) It can be clearly seen in the annual report of AGL Energy that all the Australian Accounting Standards have been adhered to while preparing the financial statement and also the company has complied with the conceptual framework. It is the primary responsibility of the management of the company to comply with Australian accounting standard while preparing the financial statement of the company. This has been clearly complied with as it can be seen in the annual report, in the directors declaration. The directors are responsible for preparation of Concise Financial Reports in accordance with Accounting Standard AASB 1039 Concise Financial Reports and Corporation Act 2001 and for such internal control as may be deem fit for adherence to the standard. As per the declaration made by the director of the company , Jeremy Maycock, the companys financial statements and the notes thereto have been prepared in compliance with Accounting standard AASB 1039 Concise Financial Reports( see Figure 1 ). The annual report has also mentioned the same in its notes to concise Financial statement in its note 1 mentioning on that have prepared its consice financial statement on the basis of the accounting standard ( see Figure 2) Figure 1 Figure 2 As per AAS 8 Operating Segment, the companies are required to report all the information of its segment in a similar manner in which it uses it for internal purpose for reviewing its segment performance. As per the standard any change in the segment are required to be reported in the annual report. The company has complied with the standard. The company has reported the change in the form of segment restatement as AAS8 (See Figure 3) Figure 3 As per Australian Accounting Standard AASB 139 Financial instruments-Recognition and Measurement, derivatives are to be reported at fair value in the financial statements. Changes in the fair value of the derivative in between the reporting period are to be recognized as an adjustment to hedge reserve in the equity if they are effective hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivative in between two reporting period are to be adjusted to the profit and loss account if such changes are recognized as ineffective hedge. The standard further clarifies that the derivative will be regarded as an effective hedge if the change in the fair value of the item hedged and change in the fair value of the derivative considerably counterbalance each other. Other derivatives will be regarded as ineffective hedge. The company uses derivative largely to manage the risk involved in the price of electricity and risk involved in fluctuation of foreign exchange and interest rates. Thus the company consider the transactions as hedging in nature and speculative in nature. As per AGL Energy its most of the derivatives are ineffective hedges as per the definition provided by the standard AASB 139. Hence the company has recognised the profit of $237 million per tax and $166 million post tax inits profit and loss account.(AGL,2015)The company had similar profit of $40 million pre-tax and $28 million post tax in its profit and loss account in previous financial year. The company has also reconciled the financial position movement in derivative balance and shown it in the annual report thereby complying with the standard requirement. (See figure 4). Figure 4 The company has also further made statutory disclosure of showing AGLs annual performance of past five years have been shown in the report which is required by the standard. Also for adoption of revised AASB 119 Employee Benefit financial year 2013 figures have been restated. (Julia Irvine, 2015). The company has prepared its financial statement as per the laid down standards are also verified by the auditors of the company. The company auditor has acknowledged the same in its auditors report. However, as per AASB 1039 the company is required to mention and disclose everything in its concise financial report too. The company has failed to comply with that part of the standard which is reflected in its auditors report. ( see figure 5) Figure 5 Origin Energy Limited The company has too complied with all the Australian Accounting Standards while preparing the financial statements. The company has made all the necessary disclosure as are required by the Australian accounting standard to be made in its annual report. The company has specifically mentioned in its annual report the financial statement have been prepared as per Corporations Act 2001and other authoritative pronouncement by Australian accounting standard board and International Financial reporting standards. It has further also adopted all new and amended Accounting Standards and the interpretations as issued by AASB from time to time. Further the company has disclosed in its notes to financial statement that where the company is of the opinion that the new standard or the amended standard has no significant impact on the group then the same has not been followed( See figure 6). The company has also incorporated AASB 101 Presentation of financial Statements in its report stating that the financial statement of its consolidated entities also complies with the International Financial Reporting Standard. Origin Energy has made a point to mention the fact in its remuneration report that the remuneration and the related party disclosure have been prepared in accordance with Corporations Act 2001 and in compliance with AASB124 Related party disclosure. Moreover, the director has declared that financial statement has been prepared based on the conceptual framework and per the directions and regulations of Australian Accounting Standard Board in its annual report.(Julia Irvine, 2013) Figure 6 Thus Origin Limited has adhered to the Australian accounting standard while reporting its financial statement in its annual report and has also complied with the new or amended standards where such standard has significant impact on its financial statement. Comparison Between the disclosures in annual report by AGL energy and Origin Energy AGL Energy and Origin Energy, both the company has got unmodified opinion from its respective auditors. Though the company belong to same industry there annual report and their style of preparing the financial statement vary significantly. Origin limited has made sure to mention the compliance of Australian Accounting Standard in quite a few places where AGL Energy has failed to do so. (Australian Government, n.d.)However, there were few instances where the annual report of AGL Energy appeared to be more descriptive as compared to its competitors annual report. AGL Energy has complied with AASB 1039 Concise Financial Reports. It has also made notes to Concise Financial Statement in its financial report. The same is not present in the annual report of Origin energy. Neither any disclosure has been made for non-compliance of the same in its notes to financial statement. AGL energy does not mention compliance of AASB 124 Related party disclosure in its Remuneration report. It does not provide a note that the remuneration and all the related party transaction have been made in compliance with Australian accounting standard board 124. (Spiffy D, 2011)Whereas Origin Energy has made a point to mention the same in its notes to remuneration report. Origin Energy has mentioned in its annual report that it has also considered new standards and amended standards while preparing the financial statement of the company. It has further mentioned that where the new standard or the amended standard has no significant impact on the group profit, according to the directors, then the same have been ignored and mere disclosure of the such departure from the standards have been made in the annual reports. For example, AASB 9 Financial Instrument proposes to make a change in classification and measurement of financial instrument and AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers have introduced this important principle where the entity recognise revenue to show the transfer of intended goods to be transferred in an amount that will reflect the consideration that the company is expects to be received in exchange of the goods or services. (AASB Framework, 2013)Apart from these two standards the company is assessing the other amended or new standards and assessing the impact of such standards. Having read that, one will absolutely find the absence of the same in the annual report of AGL Energy. AGL Energy has fa iled to disclose that it has complied with the new or amended Australian accounting standards. Origin Energy Limited has further specified about compliance with AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statement. It has mentioned that the financial statements of its consolidated entities have been prepared in accordance with the international financial reporting standard. AGL Energy, despite of having many consolidated entities has failed to specify about the compliance of AASB 101in its financial statement. Origin Energy Limited has mentioned about compliance of international financial reporting standards in quite a few places. For instance, about its non-IFRS measures.(Julia Irvine, 2013)AGL Energy has not mentioned at all about its non-IFRS measures. Neither the company has mentioned in its financial statements that it has complied with international financial reporting standards while preparing its annual report. The AGL Energy Company has also not made full disclosure in its concise financial reporting. The Concise Financial Reporting calls for full disclosure of the facts but the company has not fully complied with the standard and hence the same has been mentioned in the auditors report suggesting that reading the concise financial report cannot be substituted with reading the full audited financial reports as the investors or the shareholders can miss out on important disclosures that the company has not otherwise made in its concise financial reports.(Graham Holt, 2016) Inclusion of Prudence in Conceptual Framework Prudence appears to be a very simple word with dictionary meanings like careful, wise, cautious, well-judged, circumspect etc. In financial reporting prudence is important as the users of the financial statement expect that the management is careful while arriving at the figures that are presented in the annual accounts. Also management is expected to apply its judgement wisely because many figures reflected in the financial statement are based on certain estimation. But if the same word is included in the definition of conceptual framework then it becomes equally complex to interpret in a correct manner. Prudence is nothing but to make caution judgement about losses in the event of uncertainty, as per IASB. In the absence of this word, wrong-doers are taking advantage of the opportunity. (AASB Framework, 2013) Where ever making judgement is required management see this as a chance to overstate the performance of the company to avoid the negative consequences or to understate the performance which will provide them with the reserve to run the company smoothly in future. Investors using such financial statement for investing their hard earned money often land up making wrong investment and end up miss-allocating their funds.(Spiffy D, 2011) The concept of prudence will help to align the interest of shareholders with that of the mangers. The concept of prudence can help to balance the optimistic bias of the companies. If the prudence is included in the definition of conceptual framework then it would help to achieve neutrality in application of accounts. (Sally Ngeno, n.d.) Conclusion The company should prepare its financial statement complying the conceptual framework and accounting standard laid by AASB keeping in mind the concept of prudence. It is reflected from the above analysis that the Company has complied with the all the requirements of the standard.The compliance of standard is providing fair presentation of the companies accounts and operation. The company should maintain the same level of compliance in future as well. The policies and standards of the company are also in compliance with AASB and IASB. Also the financial statements of the company have been prepared in compliance of corporation act, 2001. References Financial Times,n.d.,Definition of Conceptual Framework,[online], Available at https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=conceptual-framework, [accessed on 2-08-2016] AGL, 2015, Annual Report,[online], Available at https://www.agl.com.au/-/media/AGL/About-AGL/Documents/Investor-Centre/150826_AnnualReport_1466512.pdf?la=en, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Origin Energy, 2015,Annual Report,[online], Available at https://www.originenergy.com.au/content/dam/origin/about/investors-media/docs/annual-report-2015.pdf, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Graham Holt,2016,Bringing clarity to the conceptual framework,[online], Available at https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/discover/cpd-articles/corporate-reporting/holt-jan16.html, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Rachel Knubley,2014,Staff Paper,[online], Available at https://www.ifrs.org/Meetings/MeetingDocs/IASB/2014/May/AP10I-Conceptual%20Framework.pdf, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Alfred Wagenhofer,2015,The never ending story of Prudence,[online], Available at https://www.ifac.org/global-knowledge-gateway/business-reporting/discussion/never-ending-story-prudence-and-ifrs, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Julia Irvine,2013,ISAB lacking is prudence,[online], Available at https://economia.icaew.com/news/july2013/iasb-lacking-in-prudence, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Julia Irvine,2015,ISAB reintroduces the concept of prudence,[online], Available at https://economia.icaew.com/news/may-2015/prudence-returns, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Spiffy D,2011,The Prudence concept in financial accounting,[online], Available at https://hubpages.com/business/The-prudence-concept-in-financial-accounting, [accessed on 2-08-2016] AASB Framework,2013,Amendment to Australian conceptual framework,[online], Available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB_CF_2013-1_12-13.pdf, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Australian Government,n.d.,Conceptual framework,[online], Available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/Pronouncements/Conceptual-framework.aspx, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Discussion Paper,2014,A review of the conceptual framework for financial reporting,[online], Available at https://www.ifrs.org/current-projects/iasb-projects/conceptual-framework/discussion-paper-july-2013/documents/discussion-paper-conceptual-framework-july-2013.pdf, [accessed on 2-08-2016] FRC,n.d.,Conceptual Framework,[online], Available at https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Corporate-Governance-Reporting/Accounting-and-Reporting-Policy/Research/IASB-Conceptual-Framework.aspx, [accessed on 2-08-2016] Sally Ngeno,n.d.,Evaluation of Conceptual Framework of Accounting, [online], Available at https://www.academia.edu/5992232/evaluation_of_conceptual_frameworks_of_accounting, [accessed on 2-08-2016]